The truss is a classic example of engineering brilliance that has stood the test of time. From simple wooden structures in the Middle Ages to modern prefabricated solutions, the strength, durability, and efficiency of truss technology have made it an indispensable part of the construction world.
A truss is made up of multiple triangular units, and each triangle helps manage both compression and tension forces. This combination spreads the load evenly across the structure, giving it remarkable strength without weighing it down like a sumo wrestler at a ballet recital.
Compression forces affect the vertical and diagonal components of the truss.
Tension forces hit the horizontal parts, particularly the bottom beam (our unsung hero).
It’s the triangular shape that makes trusses so strong. Triangles are basically the superheroes of geometry – their angles and sides can’t change without seriously stretching something, which makes them highly resistant to deformation under pressure.
Ancient Times and the Middle Ages
The roots of truss technology can be traced back to ancient engineering. The Romans used truss principles in bridges and building structures. But it was during the Middle Ages when wooden trusses really took off in Europe, especially in churches and cathedrals. Back then, buildings were often tall and wide, and trusses were crucial in creating stable roofs over large open spaces. The triangular design was a perfect fit for these buildings since it allowed for strong, lightweight structures that could span great distances without collapsing – because no one wants a collapsing cathedral.
The 1800s: Industrialization and Engineering Progress
In the 1800s, thanks to the Industrial Revolution, engineering and construction took a giant leap forward. Cast iron, and later steel, began to make an appearance in structures, which paved the way for even stronger and lighter trusses. Wooden trusses remained popular for homes, but steel became the go-to for big projects like railway stations, bridges, and industrial buildings. Prefabrication also started to gain momentum during this time, making the building process more efficient and standardized (because why make life harder?).
The 1900s: Standardization and Prefabrication
By the 1900s, especially post-World War II, prefabricated wooden trusses became common in residential construction. The demand for new housing was through the roof, and technological advancements in building materials and methods allowed for mass production of trusses. It also became more common to use lightweight techniques, like combining wood with steel plates or other materials to reinforce the joints. These methods made it possible to build faster and more cost-effectively.
Modern Times
Today, trusses are everywhere – from homes and industrial buildings to huge commercial structures. They’re often prefabricated in factories and shipped ready to install on construction sites, where they’re quickly assembled (because time is money). They’re still primarily made of wood for homes, but larger buildings often use steel or aluminum.
Thanks to their triangular construction, trusses can handle large loads and spread them evenly across the structure.
Trusses require relatively little material compared to other load-bearing structures of the same strength.
They’re often used in buildings where large open spaces are needed without supporting columns, like warehouses, churches, or sports halls (so you can play basketball without ducking under a beam).
Trusses are often prefabricated, reducing labor costs and build time on-site.
Socials:
Dino Okic
dino.okic@iZonell.com+46 370 306012Swedish, English and Bosnian
Kristin Hallgard
kristin.hallgard@iZonell.com+46 370 306011Swedish, English and German
Marta Szczepanska
marta.szczepanska@iZonell.com+46 370 306013Swedish, English and Polish
Anton Axelsson
anton.axelsson@iZonell.com +46 370 306041Swedish, English
Oscar Larsson
oscar.larsson@iZonell.com+46 370 306040Swedish, English
Fadil Ramic
fadil.ramic@iZonell.com+46 370 306043Swedish, English and Bosnian
Jonny Axelsson
jonny.axelsson@iZonell.com+46 370 306042Swedish, English